They include vaborbactam+meropenem and lefamulin. Only two of them represent a new class and have a new target of action. According to the World Health Organization(WHO), antibiotic pipeline data report 2021, and eleven new antibiotics have been approved since 2017. Since 1998, only ten new antibiotics were approved, of which only linezolid and daptomycin have new targets of action. The antimicrobial effect that saves lives also exerts selective pressure on replicating bacteria, leading to the emergence of drug resistance.īetween 19, fourteen new classes of antibiotics were introduced. They are unique in that both the individual patient and the broader society bear the consequences of their use with each prescription. For additional information, see the NPT.With the discovery of penicillin, antibiotics are a critical part of global health, including cancer chemotherapy and advanced surgical procedures. Antimicrobial agents are not like other drugs. Initially of a 25-year duration, the NPT was extended indefinitely in 1995. The NPT provides for conferences of member states to review treaty implementation at five-year intervals. All states have a right to the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and should assist one another in its development. The Treaty stipulates that non-nuclear-weapon states will not seek to acquire nuclear weapons, and will accept International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on their nuclear activities, while nuclear weapon states commit not to transfer nuclear weapons to other states. Article VI of the NPT commits states possessing nuclear weapons to negotiate in good faith toward halting the arms race and the complete elimination of nuclear weapons. The “three pillars” of the NPT are nuclear disarmament, nonproliferation, and peaceful uses of nuclear energy. The NPT: Signed in 1968, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is the most widely adhered-to international security agreement. Signed in 1968, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is the most widely adhered-to international security agreement. The meeting was subsequently postponed due to the parties' failure to convene in 2012. The result was a resolution calling for a meeting on the establishment of a Middle East WMD-free zone in 2012, to be attended by all states of the region. At the 2010 NPT Review Conference, in light of the minimal progress made since 1995, Arab states pushed for tangible steps toward the WMD-free zone. The resolution calls on all regional states to join the NPT, place their nuclear facilities under IAEA safeguards, and work towards the establishment of a Middle East WMD-free zone.
#DEFINE STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP AND ITS PURPOSE FREE#
In the "Resolution on the Middle East" adopted at the 1995 NPT Review Conference, the concept of a Middle East Zone Free of WMD was endorsed by all NPT state parties. In April 1990, Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak proposed the establishment in the Middle East of a zone free of all types of weapons of mass destruction.
Middle East NWFZ: The concept of an NWFZ in the Middle East was first introduced by Iran and Egypt in 1974.